Inflation: the value of the pound 1750-2011

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This Paper provides a composite index of prices which can be used to show how the purchasing power of the pound has changed from 1750 to 2011.

Industrial strategy in the UK

The UK’s approach to industrial strategy has varied over time. The latest industrial strategy was set out in a government green paper in October 2024.
- Economic policy
- Industry
The welfare cap

Since 2014 the UK government has had a cap on welfare spending. Here we explain how the cap is set and assessed. We also look at how the cap has changed.
Sanctions against Russia (February 2022 to January 2025)

In response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the G7, EU and other allies and partners across the globe have imposed an unprecedented package of coordinated sanctions against Russia.