Syria after Assad: Consequences and interim authorities 2025
What has happened in Syria after the fall of Assad, who are the main actors, and how has the UK and others responded?

A massive purge of the Saudi elite raises the question of what comes next in Saudi Arabia
Saudi purge (115 KB , PDF)
Events in Saudi Arabia over the last few months have underlined and strengthened the power of Mohammed bin Sultan, the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. With backing from the Trump Administration, he has taken a strong line against Iran and Qatar. A breath-taking purge of corruption suspects, or some say of potential opponents and rivals, showed that MBS does not intend to liberalise Saudi Arabia’s political scene. But such apparently arbitrary authoritarian behaviour could undermine other reform goals such as attracting foreign investment; meanwhile, a showdown with Iran gets more likely.
Saudi purge (115 KB , PDF)
What has happened in Syria after the fall of Assad, who are the main actors, and how has the UK and others responded?
On 13 June 2025, Israel launched a series of attacks against Iran’s nuclear programme.
This paper briefly examines Israel's nuclear weapons policies, capabilities and programmes. It is one paper in a larger series on the nuclear weapon states.