The Budget and the annual Finance Bill
This briefing examines the way that Parliament scrutinises the Government's proposals for taxation, set out in the annual Budget statement.

This Commons Library Briefing Paper sets out results of the by-elections held in the 2019 Parliament. Full details are presented in the associated PDF but an overview of the recent by-election results are shown below.
By-elections in the 2019 Parliament (362 KB , PDF)
Jill Mortimer (Conservative) – 15,529 (51.9%)
Paul Williams (Labour) – 8,589 (28.7%)
Sam Lee (Independent) – 2,904 (9.7%)
Others (13 other candidates) – 2,911 (9.7%)
Majority of winning candidate – 6,940 (23.2%)
Anum Qaisar-Javed (SNP) – 10,129 (46.4%)
Kenneth Stevenson (Labour) – 8,372 (38.4%)
Ben Callaghan (Conservative) – 2,812 (12.9%)
Others (5 other candidates) – 514 (2.4%)
Majority of winning candidate – 1,757 (8.0%)
Sarah Green (Liberal Democrat) – 21,517 (56.7%)
Peter Fleet (Conservative) – 13,489 (35.5%)
Others (6 other candidates) – 2,948 (7.8%)
Majority of winning candidate – 8,028 (21.2%)
Kim Leadbeater (Labour) – 13,296 (35.3%)
Ryan Stephenson (Conservative) – 12,973 (34.4%)
George Galloway (Workers) – 8,264 (21.9%)
Others (13 other candidates) – 3,162 (8.4%)
Majority of winning candidate – 323 (0.9%)
Louie French (Conservative)- 11,189 (51.5%)
Daniel Francis (Labour)- 6,711 (30.9%)
Richard Tice (Reform UK)- 1,432 (6.6%)
Others (8 other candidates)- 2,371 (10.9%)
Majority of winning candidate- 4,478 (20.6%)
Helen Morgan (Liberal Democrat)- 17,957 (47.2%)
Neil Shastri-Hurst (Conservative)- 12,032 (31.6%)
Ben Wood (Labour)- 3,686 (9.7%)
Others (11 other candidates)- 4,347 (11.4%)
Majority of winning candidate- 5,925 (15.6%)
Anna Firth (Conservative)- 12,792 (86.1%)
Others (8 other candidates)*- 2,066
Majority of winning candidate- 12,280 (82.6%)
*Note Labour, Liberal Democrats and Green party chose not to stand.
Paulette Hamilton (Labour)- 9,413 (55.5%)
Robert Alden (Conservative)- 6,147 (36.3%)
Others (10 other candidates)- 1,397 (8.2%)
Majority of winning candidate- 3,266 (19.3%)
Richard Foord (Liberal Democrat)- 22,537 (52.9%)
Helen Hurford (Conservative)- 16,393 (38.5%)
Others (6 other candidates)- 3,661 (8.6%)
Majority of winning candidate- 6,144 (14.4%)
Simon Lightwood (Labour)- 13,166 (47.9%)
Nadeem Ahmed (Conservative)- 8,241 (30.0%)
Akef-Akbar (Independent)- 2,090 (7.6%)
Others (12 other candidates)- 3,969 (14.5%)
Majority of winning candidate- 4,925 (17.9%)
Samantha Dixon (Labour)- 17,309 (60.8%)
Liz Wardlaw (Conservative)- 6,335 (22.2%)
Rob Herd (Liberal Democrat)- 2,368 (8.3%)
Others (6 other candidates)- 2,463 (8.6%)
Majority of winning candidate- 10,947 (38.8%)
Andrew Western (Labour)- 12,828 (69.6%)
Emily Carter-Kandola (Conservative)- 2,922 (15.9%)
Others (7 other candidates)- 2,668 (14.5%)
Majority of winning candidate- 9,906 (53.8%)
Ashley Dalton (Labour) – 14,068 (62.3%)
Mike Prendergast (Conservatives) – 5,742 (25.4%)
Others (four other candidates) – 2,771 (12.4%)
Majority of winning candidate – 8,326 (36.9%)
Steve Tuckwell (Conservatives) – 13,965 (45.3%)
Danny Beales (Labour) – 13,470 (43.7%)
Others (14 other candidates) – 3,385 (11.0%)
Majority of winning candidate – 495 (1.6%)
Keir Mather (Labour) – 16,456 (46.0%)
Claire Holmer (Conservatives) – 12,295 (34.3%)
Arnold Warneken (Green Party) – 1,838 (5.1%)
Others (ten other candidates) – 5,218 (14.6%)
Majority of winning candidate – 4,161 (11.6%)
Sarah Dyke (Liberal Democrats) – 21,187 (54.6%)
Faye Purbrick (Conservatives) – 10,179 (26.2%)
Martin Dimery (Green Party) – 3,944 (10.2%)
Others (five other candidates) – 3,478 (9.0%)
Majority of winning candidate – 11,008 (28.4%)
By-elections in the 2019 Parliament (362 KB , PDF)
This briefing examines the way that Parliament scrutinises the Government's proposals for taxation, set out in the annual Budget statement.
This briefing provides information on the arrangements for absent voting. It also outlines the changes to absent voting resulting from the Elections Act 2022.
A list of opposition day debates since 1992 with links to debates and divisions on opposition day motions.