This Paper traces the extension of Qualified Majority Voting in the European Union in Treaty amendments since the 1957 Treaty of Rome.
The extension of qualified majority voting from the Treaty of Rome to the European Constitution (448 KB , PDF)
This Paper traces the extension of Qualified Majority Voting in the European Union in Treaty amendments since the 1957 Treaty of Rome. It also shows which areas have remained subject to unanimity and considers the QMV amendments in the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. Finally, there is an overview of UK voting behaviour in the Council over the last few years.
The extension of qualified majority voting from the Treaty of Rome to the European Constitution (448 KB , PDF)
A Westminster Hall debate on securing a veterinary agreement in the Northern Ireland Protocol has been scheduled for Wednesday 15 December 2021, from 2.30-4:00pm. The debate has been initiated by Tony Lloyd MP.
What is Article 16 of the Northern Ireland Protocol and how should it work? This paper looks at the reasons why Article 16 might be triggered, what the other party can do to respond if it is, the role of the arbitration panel to settle disputes, whether the TCA can be used to cross-retaliate and can it be terminated, how the EU's infringement process could be used, and in what other areas the EU could withhold cooperation.
This briefing paper explores the Northern Ireland Protocol, how it has been implemented, the temporary grace periods introduced to help ease trading problems, and negotiations between the EU and UK in 2021 on possible changes to the Protocol.
