UK parliamentary by-elections since 1945
This list notes the number of by-elections by session since 1945-46 together with a list of the the successful candidates in by-elections since 2005.

This Note summarises the Standing Committee debates and changes made to the Bill in the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The Electoral Administration Bill 2005-06 a note on the Bill's progress (229 KB , PDF)
This Note summarises the Standing Committee debates and changes made to the Bill in the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The Electoral Administration Bill 2005-06 a note on the Bill's progress (229 KB , PDF)
This list notes the number of by-elections by session since 1945-46 together with a list of the the successful candidates in by-elections since 2005.
Recall allows voters to remove an elected representative between elections by signing a petition. This briefing explains how UK recall petitions work.
This briefing paper explains the status of directly-elected mayors in English and Welsh local government, and the routes to establishing them, including the use of local referendums. It also includes an up-to-date list of elected mayors and statistics on previous referendums.