UK immigration fees
UK visa fees and charges are set to rise in 2023. The revenue helps fund the Home Office and NHS but there are complaints that rates are already too high.

This Commons Library briefing paper is a guide to understanding UK migration statistics. It explains the concepts and methods used in measuring migration and sets out a range of data on migration in the UK and in European Union countries.
Migration statistics (708 KB , PDF)
There are two main ways of looking at the scale of international migration:
The latest estimates on migration from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) suggest that in 2022:
The latest ONS population estimates for the whole of the UK suggest that, in the year ending June 2021, there were:
As of 2019, there were around 994,000 UK nationals living in EU countries, excluding Ireland.
The number of people migrating to the UK has been greater than the number emigrating in each year since 1994. Before then, immigration and emigration were roughly in balance, with net migration slightly decreasing the population in most years. Over the last twenty-five years, both immigration and emigration have increased to historically high levels, with immigration exceeding emigration by more than 100,000 in every year between 1998 and 2020.
There was considerably less migration during the Covid-19 pandemic than in previous years. The pandemic also disrupted the way in which migration statistics are produced so the data from this period is subject to more uncertainty than usual.
The UK’s official migration estimates, which are produced by ONS are undergoing a transformation. The ONS aims to improve their accuracy and to do so it is trying out and refining a new methodology based on administrative data.
The latest estimates use a new methodology which has been backdated to 2018. Estimates from before and after this date are not fully comparable. The new estimates are classed as experimental and are likely to be revised as the method is honed.
This briefing explains the concepts and methods used in measuring migration. It contains current and historical data on immigration, emigration and net migration in the UK. It sets out the most recent estimates of the UK’s foreign national and foreign-born populations and includes international comparisons of migration and migrant populations in European Union countries.
Migration statistics (708 KB , PDF)
UK visa fees and charges are set to rise in 2023. The revenue helps fund the Home Office and NHS but there are complaints that rates are already too high.
A briefing paper on the history, functions and membership of the Privy Council
This briefing summarises statistics on asylum seekers in the UK and refugees who arrive through resettlement programmes.