Financial inclusion
This briefing paper looks at the concept of financial inclusion. It examines different meanings of this concept and how it has developed in Government policy since the late 1990s.

This short paper summarises trends in unemployment rates and looks at how rates vary by ethnicity, age and gender.
Unemployment by ethnic background (160 KB , PDF)
The UK unemployment rate was 4.0% in October-December 2021. The rate was 3.5% for people from a White ethnic background compared to 7.7% for people from minority ethnic backgrounds, although there was substantial variation between different ethnic minority groups.
People from White (3.5%) and Indian (4.4%) ethnic backgrounds had the lowest unemployment rates, and people from Pakistani (10.2%) and Bangladeshi (9.4%) ethnic backgrounds had the highest rates in October-December 2021.
The number of people from a minority ethnic background who are unemployed has decreased from the same period last year, with the unemployment rate falling from 9.8% to 7.7%. The unemployment rate for people from White ethnic backgrounds also fell, from 4.5% to 3.5%. Unemployment rates for people from both White and minority ethnic backgrounds are below the rates seen prior to the economic downturn in 2008.
In the twelve months to September 2021, the unemployment rate was highest for people from a Black (11%) ethnic background and people from Mixed or multiple ethnic backgrounds (11%). It was lowest for people from a White (4%) or Indian (5%) ethnic background.
Unemployment by ethnic background (160 KB , PDF)
This briefing paper looks at the concept of financial inclusion. It examines different meanings of this concept and how it has developed in Government policy since the late 1990s.
Constituency-level data on child poverty
This briefing gives an overview of rising prices, particularly food, energy and fuel prices, including the potential effect of the conflict in Ukraine. It outlines Government support as well as how rising prices, interest rates and other policies which will affect household budgets.