Poland: The Tusk government and the 2025 presidential election
An opposition candidate won Poland's presidential election on 1 June 2025, increasing the likelihood of continued deadlock between the government and presidency

The EU announced broad economic sanctions against Russia on 29 July 2014 including restrictions on some Russian banks’ ability to borrow money in EU financial markets, and an arms embargo.
Sanctions over the Ukraine conflict (471 KB , PDF)
• A significant and expanding sanctions regime against certain Russian individuals and companies and against certain Ukrainians has been in place since March 2014
• The downing of the Malaysian Airlines flight increased tensions
• The EU announced broad economic (‘tier three’) sanctions against Russia on 29 July 2014 including restrictions on some state-controlled Russian banks’ ability to borrow money in EU financial markets and an arms embargo
• The EU also imposed a ban on the export of technology for the extraction of oil from deep sea, Arctic and shale deposits
• The US increased the range of its sanctions on the same day
• Targeted sanctions were added to in September and November 2014 and January 2015
• As violence escalated in eastern Ukraine in early 2015, both the EU and the US indicated that the option of arming the Ukrainian government remained open.
• Reaction has been mixed, with some commentators arguing that sanctions will weaken critics of nationalistic policies in Russia
Sanctions over the Ukraine conflict (471 KB , PDF)
An opposition candidate won Poland's presidential election on 1 June 2025, increasing the likelihood of continued deadlock between the government and presidency
What military assistance is the UK providing to Ukraine?
This paper briefly examines the UK's nuclear weapons policies, capabilities and programmes. It is one paper in a larger series on the nuclear weapon states.