Election timetables
Election rules include a timetable that must be followed. This briefing explains what is in the timetables and how long they run.
The next elections bill?
The government proposes reducing the voting age to 16, reviewing voter ID, improving voter registration and strengthening political donation rules.
Voting age
The UK Government has said the voting age will be reduced to 16 for all elections. This briefing details the voting age for UK elections and the debate about lowering the voting age.
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Research Briefing
Voting systems in the UK
This briefing provides an overview of the different voting systems currently used for elections in the UK. It also examines the pros and cons of different systems.
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Research Briefing
The Absent Voting (Elections in Scotland and Wales) Bill 2024-25
The Absent Voting (Elections in Scotland and Wales) Bill would allow for the alignment of rules on absent voting arrangements between reserved and devolved elections in Scotland and Wales.
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Research Briefing
By-election timetables
Election rules state elections must be held using a set timetable. This briefing explains the timetable for by-elections to the UK Parliament.
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Research Briefing
Local Elections 2025: results and analysis
This briefing analyses the results of the Local Elections which took place in England on 1 May 2025.
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Research Briefing
Poland: The Tusk government and the 2025 presidential election
An opposition candidate won Poland's presidential election on 1 June 2025, increasing the likelihood of continued deadlock between the government and presidency
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Research Briefing
Canada: 2025 federal election
On 9 March, following Justin Trudeau's resignation, Mark Carney was elected leader of the Liberal Party and prime minister of Canada. He soon called a snap federal election for 28 April.
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Research Briefing
UK parliamentary by-elections since 1945
This list notes the number of by-elections by session since 1945-46 together with a list of the the successful candidates in by-elections since 2005.
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Research Briefing
Women elected to the House of Commons
This list reports all the women who have been elected as MPs to the House of Commons, for each election since 1918 and in the order they were sworn in.
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Research Briefing
The United Kingdom constitution – a mapping exercise
A briefing paper which "maps" (or summarises) the main elements of the United Kingdom's uncodified constitution.
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Research Briefing
Voter ID
This briefing explains the rules about showing photographic voter ID at elections to the UK Parliament and to other elections.
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Research Briefing
Intimidation of candidates and voters
This briefing examines the intimidation of MPs and candidates recent developments to address their security. It also explains measures to prevent intimidation of voters.
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Research Briefing
Overseas voters
This briefing describes the eligibility to vote in UK Parliament elections for British citizens living overseas.
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