Europe

This note considers the EU's spending and how it is financed.

This paper will provide a brief overview of principles of international law, including how it works, its sources, and what happens when states breach their international obligations.

This briefing sets out the principles of EU rules on state aid and the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing measures.

The European Investment Bank lends to projects that contribute to growth and employment within Europe. This briefing gives a short overview of the Bank's membership and operation, and its future relationship with the UK.

This briefing paper sets out the background to the UK Internal Market Bill. The Bill was introduced in the House of Commons on 9 September. It has concluded its Commons stages and is under consideration in the House of Lords.

The august presidential election in Belarus led to the biggest demonstrations since the country's independence. The outcome is still not clear.

This Commons Library briefing looks at the funding received by the UK from EU institutions and considers the implications of Brexit on the EU as a source of funding for regional development, agriculture support, research and innovation and other areas.

This briefing paper provides an overview of the responsibilities of the Joint Committee, established to oversee the UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement. It sets out the tasks that need to be undertaken by the Joint Committee and indicates whether they have been completed.

This Insight outlines the timeline and state of play in the UK-EU negotiations.

This paper provides an update on the UK-EU future relationship negotiations following intensified negotiations in June and July 2020. It explores the prospects for an agreement in time for the end of the post-Brexit transition period on 31 December

The independence movement in the Spanish region of Catalonia provoked a dramatic constitutional crisis in Spain and changed Spain's political scene...

This briefing paper summarises a selection of Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) judgments from 2020.

An Opposition Day debate on the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on negotiations for a future UK/EU relationship has been scheduled for Wednesday 15 July 2020 in the Main Chamber.

Bilateral agreements aimed at restricting the nuclear arsenals of the United States and the Soviet Union/Russia have been in place since the early 1970s. For the first time in nearly 50 years that nuclear arms control architecture is now potentially heading towards a crisis.

This Insight explores a consultation concerning the circumstances in which UK courts and tribunals might depart from retained EU case law.