Research Briefing
In brief: the latest crises in Bosnia
The fragile unity of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina is looking ever more precarious.
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Research Briefing
Bosnia’s political structures
Bosnia’s complex political structures were set up by the Dayton Peace Agreement that ended the war of 1992-95. This note provides a brief description.,
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Research Briefing
Declaration 25 of the Treaty on European Union: Danish Territories and whaling
Denmark has invoked Declaration No. 25 TEU in support of the whaling activities of its territories, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Denmark’s reliance on this Declaration at the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has prevented the EU from presenting a more united stand on whaling issues at the IWC.
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Research Briefing
The European Union at the United Nations
In May 2011 the United Nations General Assembly voted in favour of Resolution A/RES/65/276, which granted the EU the right to speak at the United Nations. This Note looks at the background to the vote and the issues involved.
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Research Briefing
The European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM)
The EFSM is a €60bn facility to provide loans to EU Member States in financial difficulty. It is financed through borrowing secured against the EU Budget. Thus far, Ireland and Portugal have received support through the EFSM.
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Research Briefing
The European Charter of Fundamental Rights: the Commission’s Strategy for Implementation
This Note looks the European Commission's "Strategy for the effective implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights". It also considers government and parliament views of the Charter.
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Research Briefing
International Court of Justice Opinion on Kosovo’s declaration of independence
In July 2010 the International Court of Justice (ICJ) found that Kosovo's declaration of independence on 17 February 2008 did not breach international law. The legal scope of the Opinion is extremely narrow, but its political implications could be very wide.
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Research Briefing
The European Court of Human Rights: the election of judges
This Note looks at some of the criticism of the European Court of Human Rights, in particular the procedure for selecting and electing judges to the Court, the quality and experience of those judges and proposals for reforming the selection criteria and method of appointment.
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Research Briefing
The EU’s Acquis Communautaire
This Note looks at the term "Acquis Communautaire", what it means and how the European Court of Justice has interpreted it.
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Research Briefing
EU Legislation: Government action on ‘gold-plating’
The Government aims to change the way in which EU law is transposed into national law in order to avoid 'gold-plating' and to minimise the burden of over-regulation on UK businesses. This Note looks at the main elements of the Government's principles for the implementation of EU law.
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Research Briefing
European Court of Human Rights rulings: are there options for governments?
This Note looks at European Court of Human Rights rulings on prisoner enfranchisement and what the UK Government might do in response to the Court's decisions in the cases of Hirst 2 and Greens and MT
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Research Briefing
The European Convention on Human Rights and the Court of Human Rights: issues and reforms
This Note looks at the history of the European Convention on Human Rights and the Court of Human Rights, the Court's principles and requirements for implementation of its rulings, the supervision of judgments by the Committee of Ministers and reform measures to tackle the Court's shortcomings.
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Research Briefing
EU Accession to the European Convention on Human Rights
This Note looks at the background to and issues surrounding EU accession to the European Convention, UK Government views and Parliamentary scrutiny of the draft Council decision on the negotiation of an EU accession agreement.
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Research Briefing
European Union Bill 106 2010-11: Committee and Report stages
This Note looks at amendments adopted in the Committee of the Whole House concerning the European Union Bill 2010-11.
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Research Briefing
EU bibliographies: working time directives
The EC Working Time Directive (93/104/EC of 23 November 1993), was implemented in the UK by the Working Time Regulations 1998, SI No.1833 with effect from 1 October 1998. The Working Time Directive was subject to proposals for further amendment in Europe. The proposals were considered under the codecision procedure. The European Parliament and Council could not reach agreement on the draft directive, and no compromise could be reached in conciliation. The proposal now lapses and the current directive remains in force. This Note brings together documents relevant to legislation and draft directives on the application of Working Time rules.
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