This briefing paper explores the Northern Ireland Protocol, how it has been implemented, the temporary grace periods introduced to help ease trading problems, and negotiations between the EU and UK in 2021 on possible changes to the Protocol.
This briefing sets out the principles of EU rules on state aid and the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing measures.
This paper provides an overview of the governance and dispute settlement provisions of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement. The Agreement establishes a network of committees to oversee its implementation. There is also an arbitration mechanism for disputes between the UK and EU, but with exemptions and variations for different policy areas.
Research Briefing
This briefing provides an overview of House of Commons Select Committee activity on Brexit leading up to UK withdrawal from the EU in January 2020. It provides data on public sessions held, witnesses questioned and prominent themes in Committee discussions.
Debate Pack
A debate on a Motion relating to the Northern Ireland Protocol is scheduled to take place on Thursday 15 July 2021 in the House of Commons Chamber.
Research Briefing
A briefing paper charting the creation and development of the Northern Ireland border
Research Briefing
This is a reading list of publications on the UK’s withdrawal from the EU and future UK-EU relations from library, research services and committees of the UK and devolved parliaments and assemblies.
Research Briefing
This paper provides a timeline of the major events leading up to the EU referendum and subsequent dates of note, including Brexit Day itself.
Research Briefing
This note considers how much the UK contributes to the EU budget and how much it receives back. Potential payments to the EU on or after Brexit - such as the exit bill - are also discussed.
Research Briefing
The financial settlement - often labelled the 'exit bill' or 'divorce bill' - sets out how the UK and EU are settling their outstanding financial commitments to each other. This briefing covers the settlement in detail including the settlement’s origins, negotiations and the legal form it takes in the Withdrawal Agreement.
Research Briefing
The financial settlement - often labelled the 'exit bill' or 'divorce bill' - sets out how the UK and EU are settling their outstanding financial commitments to each other.
Research Briefing
Parliament has been recalled to adopt the legislation required to implement the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement. This briefing provides an overview of the Agreement and the Bill to implement it
Research Briefing
With a week to go until the end of the Brexit transition period, the UK and EU have agreed a deal covering their future relationship. This briefing gives a brief overview of what was agreed and next steps, and takes a look back at how we got here
Research Briefing
The EU & UK have agreed how to fully implement the Northern Ireland Protocol, after coming to decisions in the EU-UK Joint Committee. The Joint Committee have agreed rules on how goods will move between Northern Ireland and Great Britain, including how they can avoid tariffs. These rules will come into force regardless if the EU & UK agree a future relationship or if there is "no deal" . The two sides have also agreed for some temporary grace periods for goods such as Agri-food and medicines, to give Northern Ireland businesses time to prepare for the new rules and checks.
Research Briefing
With days left before the end of the Brexit transition period, it is still not clear if there will be a new UK-EU agreement in place when it ends. But some things will change whether or not there is a deal. This briefing sets out key changes and UK and EU preparations
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