• Research Briefing

    National Insurance Contributions (NICs) and the self-employed

    This paper looks at the way in which the self-employed are treated for the purposes of National Insurance, in the context of proposals made in the 2015 Budget to scrap Class 2 National Insurance contributions (NICs), and proposals in the Spring 2017 Budget to increase the rate of Class 4 NICs. In the latter case, the Government cancelled its plans a few days after the Budget, and in the former case announced in September 2018 that it would not proceed with the abolition of Class 2 NICs during this Parliament.

  • Research Briefing

    Income tax : increases in the personal allowance since 2010

    This note discusses the Coalition Government's policy over 2010-15 to increase the basic personal allowance each year, with the aim that the allowance should reach £10,000 by 2015, before looking at the current Government's approach to increasing both the personal allowance and the higher rate threshold - the point at which individuals start to pay the 40% top rate of tax.

  • Research Briefing

    Income tax: the additional 50p rate

    In the 2009 Budget the Labour Government announced the introduction of a new 'additional' 50p rate on incomes above £150,000 from April 2010. This paper discusses the background to the 50p rate, the debate over its political significance and its economic impact, before looking at the Coalition Government’s decision to cut the additional rate to 45p, and recent speculation as to its future.

  • Research Briefing

    Insurance Premium Tax

    Insurance Premium Tax (IPT) is charged on insurance premiums and covers most general insurance. This note gives a short history of the tax since it was introduced in 1993, including the rise in the main rate of tax confirmed in the Spring 2017 Budget.

  • Research Briefing

    Corporation tax in Northern Ireland

    In March 2015 Parliament passed the Corporation Tax (Northern Ireland) Act 2015 which, subject to commencement regulations, will devolve corporation tax rate setting powers to the Northern Ireland Assembly. The Government has committed to commencing the regime if the NI Executive demonstrates its finances are on a sustainable footing. This note discusses the development of the Government’s policy and the wider debate over corporate tax competition.

  • Research Briefing

    Taxation of non-domiciles: recent developments

    A person's 'domicile' is their permanent home, and while this is a concept of general law, it has long been an important consideration in an individual's liability to pay tax in the UK. "Non-domiciles" who live in the UK have been entitled to be taxed under the "remittance basis", where any overseas income or gains is only subject to UK tax if remitted to this country. In the Summer 2015 Budget the Government announced a number of major changes to non-domicile taxation which are to take effect from April 2017. This paper discusses the background to these proposals and the current debate as to their impact.

  • Research Briefing

    Armed Forces accommodation allowance exemption

    In the Autumn Budget 2017 the Government announced that it would introduce an income tax and NICs exemption for certain allowances paid to Armed Forces personnel for renting or maintaining accommodation in the UK private market. Provision to this effect was included in the Finance Bill published after the Budget, and now forms section 8 of Finance Act 2018.

  • Research Briefing

    Taxable benefits in kind: Budget 2016

    Finance Bill 2016 includes provision - specifically clause 7 of the Bill - to ensure that if there is a specific statutory provision for calculating the tax charge on a benefit-in-kind this must be used. This note explains the purpose of this clause.

  • Research Briefing

    Direct taxes: rates and allowances 2018/19

    This paper sets out direct tax rates and principal tax allowances for the 2018/19 tax year, as announced in the Autumn Budget on 22 November 2017. The paper outlines the conditions necessary for eligibility for these tax allowances, and provides a summary of the general tax position in straightforward cases.

Total results (page 8 of 20)