By-elections in the 2024 Parliament
This briefing sets out results of the by-elections held in the 2024 Parliament, including lists of candidates, vote share and voter turnout.
Women elected to the House of Commons
This list reports all the women who have been elected as MPs to the House of Commons, for each election since 1918 and in the order they were sworn in.
UK parliamentary by-elections since 1945
This list notes the number of by-elections by session since 1945-46 together with a list of the the successful candidates in by-elections since 2005.
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Research Briefing
Election glossary
Elections use many technical terms. This briefing gives a glossary of election related terms.
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Research Briefing
Living former Members of the House of Commons
Known living former Members of Parliament.
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Research Briefing
Voting systems in the UK
UK elections use different voting systems. This briefing explains which systems are used for which election and how they work.
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Research Briefing
Ministerial salaries
Up to 120 ministers in the UK Government can receive a ministerial salary. Most ministers are paid a salary, though a small number of Lords ministers are unpaid.
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Research Briefing
Government Bills introduced each session by department
Government bills introduced since the beginning of the 1997-98 session, including bill title, introduction date, House and sponsoring department.
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Research Briefing
Voter ID
This briefing explains the rules about showing photographic voter ID at elections to the UK Parliament and to other elections.
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Constituency casework,Research Briefing
Complaining about UK Government departments or public bodies in England
How to take complaints about UK Government departments and other public organisations to the Public Service Ombudsman
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Research Briefing
Electoral Commission strategy and policy statement
The UK Government has announced it intends to abolish the power for the government to set a strategy and policy statement for the Electoral Commission.
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Research Briefing
Weekend voting
Polling day for UK elections is usually Thursday and cannot be held at a weekend. Weekend voting pilots were held in four areas in local elections in May 2026.
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Research Briefing
Flexible voting pilots
The UK Government authorised early and flexible voting pilot schemes in England in May 2026. Further pilots are due in May 2027.
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Research Briefing
Electoral registers and access to them
Registers list who has registered to vote. This briefing explains registration, who has access to registers and proposals for automation to improve registration rates.
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Constituency casework,Research Briefing
Complaining to an ombudsman
This article explains how people can take unresolved issues with companies or organisations to an ombudsman.
Total results (page 1 of 169)